A desospitalização em um hospital público geral de Minas Gerais: desafios e possibilidades / Desinstitucionalización en un hospital general público de Minas Gerais: retos y posibilidades / Dehospitalisation at a general hospital in Minas Gerais: challenges and prospects

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar o processo de desospitalização em um hospital público geral de Minas Gerais na perspectiva dos diretores, dos profissionais de saúde e dos familiares. MÉTODO Estudo descritivo e exploratório, utilizando a abordagem qualitativa, com orientação teórico-metodológica da dialética. Participaram do estudo 24 profissionais de saúde e 15 familiares de usuários em processo de desospitalização. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre os meses de abril a junho em 2015, com entrevistas semiestruturadas e registros em diário de campo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. RESULTADOS A análise do material empírico permitu a construção das categorias: Desospitalização: perspectiva da instituição e Organização da família para o processo de desospitalização. CONCLUSÃO Existem fragilidades no processo que envolve questões de implementação, sistematização, reorganização interna e continuidade após a desospitalização. Assim, as estratégias utilizadas para a desospitalização têm sido insuficientes para favorecer a integralidade e a continuidade do cuidado no domicílio.

Resumen OBJETIVO Analizar el proceso de desinstitucionalización de un hospital general público de Minas Gerais desde la perspectiva de los gestores, de los profesionales de la salud y de los familiares. MÉTODOS Estudio descriptivo y exploratorio de enfoque cualitativo con orientación teórico- metodológica de la dialéctica. Participaron 24 profesionales de la salud y 15 familiares de usuarios en proceso de desinstitucionalización. La recogida de datos se llevó a cabo entre abril y junio de 2015 con entrevistas semiestructuradas y registros en el diario de campo . Los datos recogidos fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido temático. RESULTADOS El análisis de los materiales empíricos permitu la construcción de categorías: la desinstitucionalización: Perspectiva institución y organización de la familia al proceso de desinstitucionalización. CONCLUSIÓN Se concluye que en el procesohay fragilidades que involucran cuestiones de implementación, sistematización, reorganización interna y continuidad después de la desinstitucionalización. Las estrategias empleadas para la desinstitucionalización no han sido suficientes para promover la integralidad y continuidad de los cuidados domiciliarios.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyse the dehospitalisation process at a general public hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil, from the perspective of managers, health workers, users and their families. METHODS This is a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study based on the principles of methodological and theoretical dialectics. The participants were 24 hospital health workers and 15 companions of users going through the process of dehospitalisation. Data were collected from April to June 2015 using semi-structured interviews and a field journal records and subsequently subjected to content analysis. RESULTS Analysis of the empirical material led to the construction of the following categories: Dehospitalisation: viewpoint of the institution and Family organisation for the dehospitalisation process. CONCLUSION The study reveals a deficiency in the implementation, systematisation, internal reorganisation and continuity of care after dehospitalisation. Current dehospitalisation strategies do not favour comprehensiveness and continuity of home care.

Costo-efectividad de un tratamiento antituberculoso alternativo: seguimiento a convivientes residenciales de los pacientes / Cost-effectiveness of an alternative tuberculosis treatment: home-based guardian monitoring of patients

Objetivo. Estimar la relación de costo-efectividad del tratamiento de corta duración bajoobservación directa (DOTS), comparándolo con una variación de dicho tratamiento, que incluyeun mayor seguimiento a los convivientes residenciales de los pacientes (DOTS-R) parael tratamiento de tuberculosis (TB).Métodos. Tomando una perspectiva social que incluye los costos para las institucionesde salud, para los pacientes y sus familiares, y para otras entidades que contribuyen a hacerefectiva la operación del programa, se evaluaron los costos incurridos con cada una de las dosestrategias y se estimaron razones costo-efectividad adoptando las medidas de efecto usadas porlos programas de control. La estimación de los costos de cada una de las dos estrategias incluyelos correspondientes a las instituciones de salud que administran el tratamiento, los pacientesy sus familiares, y los de la secretaría de salud que gestiona los programas de salud pública anivel municipal. Con base en estos costos y el número de casos curados y tratamientos terminadoscomo medidas de resultado de cada una de las estrategias evaluadas, se calcularon lasrazones costo-efectividad y costo incremental.Resultados. El DOTS-R se halló más costo-efectivo para lograr tratamientos exitosos queel DOTS. El DOTS-R registró costos de entre US$ 1 122,4 y US$ 1 152,7 por caso curado,comparados con valores de entre US$ 1 137,0 y US$ 1 494,3 correspondientes al DOTS. Laproporción de casos tratados con éxito fue mayor con DOTS-R que con DOTS.Conclusiones. El DOTS-R es una alternativa costo-efectiva promisoria para mejorar elcontrol de la TB en sitios endémicos. Se recomienda a las autoridades del sector salud incorporaren su gestión institucional del programa contra la TB, acciones de seguimiento de losconvivientes de pacientes, con la participación del personal de salud y los recursos físicos yfinancieros que apoyan actualmente dicho programa.

Objective. Estimate the cost-effectiveness ratio of the directly observed treatmentshort course (DOTS) for treatment of tuberculosis (TB), comparing it to a variation ofthis treatment that includes increased home-based guardian monitoring of patients(DOTS-R).Methods. Taking a social perspective that includes the costs for the healthinstitutions, the patients, and their family members, and for other entities thatcontribute to making operation of the program effective, the costs incurred with eachof the two strategies were evaluated and the cost-effectiveness ratios were estimatedadopting the measures of effect used by the control programs. The estimate of the costof each of the two strategies includes the cost to the health institutions that administertreatment, the patients and their family members, and the cost to the Ministry ofHealth that manages public health programs on the municipal level. Based on thesecosts and the number of cases cured and treatments completed as outcome measuresof each of the strategies evaluated, the cost-effectiveness ratio and incremental costwere calculated.Results. The DOTS-R was found to be more cost-effective for achievement ofsuccessful treatments than the DOTS. The DOTS-R recorded costs of US$ 1 122.40 toUS$ 1 152.70 for each case cured compared to values of US$ 1 137.00 to US$ 1 494.30for the DOTS. The percentage of cases treated successfully was higher with DOTS-Rthan with DOTS.Conclusions. The DOTS-R is a promising cost-effective alternative for improvedcontrol of TB in endemic areas. It is recommended that the health authorities includehome-based guardian monitoring of patients in their institutional management of theTB program, with the participation of health workers and the physical and financialresources that currently support this program.

Current Status of Costs and Utilizations of Hospital Based Home Health Nursing Care in Korea / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the current status of utilization and costs of home health nursing care by the levels of medical institutes in Korea. METHOD: A secondary analysis of existing data was used from the national electronic data information(EDI) of 148 home health agencies for 6 months from May to Oct 2005 in total. RESULT: The 148 agencies had multiple services in cerebral infaction, essential hypertension, sequela of cerebrovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, etc.. The highest 10 rankings of 76 categories of home health nursing services were composed of 96.4% of the total services, such as simple treatment, inflammatory treatment, urethra & bladder irrigation, inserting indwelling catheter etc., in that order. The highest 20 rankings of 226 categories of home examination services were composed of 77.0% of the total home examination services. In addition, the average cost of home health care per visit was 46,088 Won (approximately equal to 48 Dollars, 1 Dollar=960 Won). The costs ranged from 74,523 Won (approximately equal to 78 Dollars, loss of chronic kidney function, N18) to 32,270 Won (approximately equal to 34 Dollars, other cerebrovascular diseases, I67). CONCLUSION: Results suggest that client characteristics of hospital based HHNC are not different from community based HHNC or visiting nursing services for elderly. The national results will contribute to baseline data used to establish a policy for the home health nursing care system and education.

Cost Analysis of Home Care with Activity-Based Costing(ABC) / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was carried out to substantiate the application process of activity-based costing on the current cost of hospital home care (HHC) service. The study materials were documents, 120 client charts, health insurance demand bills, salary of 215 HHC nurses, operating expense, 6 HHC agencies, and 31 HHC nurses. METHOD: The research was carried out by analyzing the HHC activities and then collecting labor and operating expenses. For resource drivers, HHC activity performance time and workload were studied. For activity drivers, the number of HHC activity performances and the activity number of visits were studied. RESULT: The HHC activities were classified into 70 activities. In resource, the labor cost was 245wonper minute, operating cost was 9,570won per visit and traffic expense was an average of 12,750won. In resource drivers, education and training had the longest time of 67 minutes. Average length of performance for activities was 13.7 minutes. The workload was applied as a relative value. The average cost of HHC was 62,741won and the cost ranged from 55,560won to 74,016won. CONCLUSION: The fixed base rate for a visit in the current HHC medical fee should be increased. Exclusion from the current fee structure or flexible operation of traveling expenses should be reviewed.

Oxigenoterapia domiciliaria a largo plazo: necesidad apremiante en enfermos con insuficiencia respiratoria crónica / Long term domiciliary oxygen therapy: an urgent need in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

La EPOC y la insuficiencia respiratoria crónica constituyen un importante problema de salud pública. Está demostrado que la oxigenoterapía domiciliaria a largo plazo mejora la sobrevida y calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Por ello el Instituto Nacional del Tórax organizó en 1984 el Programa de Oxigenoterapia Domiciliaria, con el trabajo de un equipo de profesionales y con una estructura operacionalmente eficiente. Hasta diciembre 2001 han ingresado al programa 560 pacientes, actualmente 112 de ellos están en el programa. El 67,9 por ciento tiene el diagnóstico de EPOC y el 72 por ciento presenta insuficiencia respiratoria global. En una cohorte de 118 pacientes estudiados a su ingreso y 1 año después no encontramos diferencias en la gasometría arterial ni en la espirometría. Si se observó una disminución del número de hospitalizaciones y días cama utilizadas por los pacientes. La calidad de vida evaluada en los primeros 50 pacientes demostró disminución de sintomas angustiosos y depresivos, como también de los elementos de deterioro psico-orgánico. El mayor problema del programa es la lista de espera por la alta demanda de la terapia y los limitados recursos financieros. La oxigenoterapia domiciliaria es un tratamiento efectivo que mejora tanto la sobrevida como la calidad de vida de los enfermos. Es un servicio absolutamente necesario para los pacientes respiratorios crónicos y por la magnitud del problema requeriría de un Programa Nacional de Oxigeno-terapia Domiciliaria

Estudio comparativo de costos anuales en salud entre usuarios de oxígeno domiciliario y pacientes en lista de espera / Comparative study of health care costs for patients using home oxygen therapy or those in waiting lists

Background: Home oxygen therapy is the only intervention that significantly prolongs survival of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Since this therapy is expensive, it is imperative to calculate its cost-benefit ratio. Aim: To compare health care costs for patients in a home oxygen therapy program, with those of a similar group of patients in a waiting list for this therapy. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of 21 patients on home oxygen therapy for 36 months or less and a group of 13 patients in the waiting list during a similar lapse. Medical consultations, drugs delivered and the cost of oxygen therapy were considered among ambulatory costs. Hospitalization costs included the number of days on regular or intermediary care beds, laboratory tests and drugs delivered. Results: The annual health care costs for patients on home oxygen therapy were 709,656 Chilean pesos and the costs for patients in the waiting list were 797,320 Chilean pesos. Conclusions: The overall health care costs of home oxygen therapy are similar to the costs required by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remaining in waiting lists